Microscopic photo of Sickle cells, crescent-shaped erythrocytes (red blood cells) that result from a change in the amino acid sequence of the cells' hemoglobin. © Eye of Science/Science Source
Sickle cell anemia is the most common inherited blood disorder worldwide. In the United States, it primarily affects people of African descent, with 1 in 365 African American births impacted. Globally, the disease is more prevalent in regions such as sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia, where malaria is endemic.
Despite advances in treatment—such as bone marrow and stem cell transplants and promising gene therapies—access to a cure remains limited. Patients often face lifelong complications, including chronic pain, anemia, frequent infections, stroke, and even leukemia. Clear, accurate communication about the dangers and treatments of this disease is more important than ever.
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Sickle Cell Patient in Clinic
Sickle cell disease clinic. A nurse connecting tubes to a patient's arm in preparation for a red blood cell exchange. © Life in View/Science Source
Genetics of Sickle Cell Disease
An illustration showing chromosome 11, a normal blood cell, and a sickle cell. The mutated hemoglobin can be seen in the cutaway. © Monica Schroeder/Science Source
3D Illustration of Blood Clot
Sickle cells cannot move through small blood vessels as easily as normal cells, and so can cause blockages. © Tim Vernon/Science Source
Link Between Sickle Cell and Strokes
Sickle cell patients are more prone to stroke due to increased clotting from misshapen red blood cells, also showing increased frequency. © Sue Seif/Science Source